1880s Sportswear, 1880s. London: Royal Collection Trust, RCIN 2904540. Cunnington 29, 52-53). The ladies and childrens attire is mostly made by us. Copenhagen, Denmark: State Museum of Art, KMS3635. Bath, U.K.: Fashion Museum Bath. 4). Brummell wore an immaculate suit of pantaloons, blue dress coat, starched cravat, and polished hessian boots (Figs. 4 - Designer unknown (Danish). Consistent with this mission, the Timelines written commentary, research, and analysis provided by FIT students, faculty, and other members of the community is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Drawn by oxen or horses, Red River carts carried pelts, dried meats, and animal-skin clothing made by Native Americans, as well as general freight and family or personal . Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, several artistic groups were reacting against the new, industrial era, and looking to the past for true beauty. 6) (Shrimpton 38). Dress reformers, influenced by artistic movements, protested these heavy, ultra restrictive trends. For women, the high-waisted silhouette in lightweight muslin was the dominant style, while fashionable men looked to the tailors of Britain for a new, refined look. After that age, boys wore trousers under their frocks; girls did as well but since their hemlines descended to ankle-length, it was harder to discern their trousers, or drawers as they would later be called (P. Cunnington 161; Buck 109). 1): a velvet suit of knee-breeches and soft jacket, flowing tie, and sometimes a Cavalier inspired cloak and hat (Tortora 384). When the visitor inquired about them, the valet responded, Those, sir, are our failures (Laver 160). Notably, as discussed in Womenswear, Napoleon brought back the court costumes of the ancien rgime, which had disappeared in France during the Revolution. 6); pantaloons, which had originated in the 1790s, were very tightly-fitted and longer, extending to the calf or ankle where they fastened with ties or buttons (Fig. While white was considered correct for evening, the nearly transparent muslins were sometimes worn over colored silk slips, creating shimmering pastels (Fig. Pocket Museum. During the 1930s, morning dresses remained having high necklines, and shoulder width was emphasized with collars or tippets that rested on gigot sleeves. Neckwear was a crucial element of a mans wardrobe. 7) (Tortora 321; Davidson 28-29). Pocket Museum. The uniforms of the Napoleonic Wars were some of the most lavish and elaborate in history, showing an unparalleled deployment of rich costumes, a veritable explosion of panache (le Bourhis 179). Edinburgh: National Galleries Scotland, NG 2548. 5 - Photographer unknown. Young girls even wore the tall bonnets and hats then in vogue (Rose 85; Shrimpton 54). The Timeline offers scholarly contributions to the public knowledge of the history of fashion and design. 13 - Designer unknown. Hairdressing further underscored the classical inspiration of the era; styles were frequently given names from antiquity such lAgrippine and la Phdre (le Bourhis 80). Rogers Fund, 1932. Very small children, up to age two or three, could be seen without any leg coverings under these frocks (Fig. 1880s Fashion Plates, 1880s. Several pieces completed the male ensemble. Privacy Policy (function (w,d) {var loader = function () {var s = d.createElement("script"), tag = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.src="https://cdn.iubenda.com/iubenda.js"; tag.parentNode.insertBefore(s,tag);}; if(w.addEventListener){w.addEventListener("load", loader, false);}else if(w.attachEvent){w.attachEvent("onload", loader);}else{w.onload = loader;}})(window, document); The Fashion History Timeline is a project by FITs History of Art Department. During the 1800s, even young girls wore their hemlines long to the ankles; it was only in later years that girls hemlines began to climb. See more ideas about 1800s fashion, fashion, historical clothing. 4 - Designer unknown. Source: The Tate, Fig. Large portions of the chest and back were bared even in day dresses, sleeves were short, and draping muslin revealed the shape of the leg (Fig. The dress of Aesthetes influenced the Rational Dress Society, founded in 1881, which argued against the constrictive and cumbersome mainstream fashion for women (Laver 200). Source: The Victoria & Albert Museum, Fig. 6). The braid, frogging, Brandenburg buttons, and tassels served as inspiration in civilian mens and womenswear for years (Johnston 14, 20). In 1882, he embarked on a lecture tour of the United States, promoting Aestheticism and becoming a nationwide sensation (Lambourne 137). 2 - Artist unknown. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009.300.3293af. Finally, straight, narrow sleeves too reinforced the clean lines (Davidson 26; Johnston 56). 6 - Alvan S. Harper (American, 1847-1911). This bustle was rigidly structured, as opposed to the soft, draped bustle of the 1870s (Tortora 386, 390). New York: The New York Public Library, b17122166. Women began to wear their hair more neatly in the 1880s. Group, Balmoral, Portraits of the Royal Children, September 1885. After this, boys wore suits consisting of short trousers or knickerbockers that buckled at the knee, and a jacket (Fig. They were used extensively in the fur trade. Work, play, fashion, economic class, religious faith, even politicsall these aspects of American life and more are woven into clothing. Source: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Fig. Photographic print on cabinet card; 17 x 11 cm. By sixteen years of age, a girl was considered a young woman, lowering her hem all the way to the floor (P. Cunnington 194). Fig. The Little Lord Fauntleroy suit began to gain favor in 1886; it consisted of a velvet tunic and knickerbockers, flounced shirt, and a wide lace collar (Fig. Lambert, Anne Thrse de Marguenat de Courcelles, John Scott, and Edward Augustus Kendall. Captain Gilbert Heathcote, 1801-1805. 8) featured shorter sleeves, ranging from elbow length to mere shoulder straps, lower necklines, and frequently long, sumptuous trains (Fukai 225-235). Portrait of Count Andrey Bezborodko, 1804. If you have suggestions or corrections, pleasecontact us. Hartford CT: Connecticut Historical Society. 1 - Edgard Farasyn (Belgian, 1858-1938). Nineteenth-Century Silhouette and Support. The Mets Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, n.d. Cage, E. Claire. 1804 Joseph Marie Jacquard invents the jacquard loom, which used punch cards to create complex designs. Fig. 3 - Designer unknown (British). 6) to the longer, gently draped polonaise style (Fig. Oxford: Bloomsbury Academic, 2010. Throughout the nineteenth century, babies and toddlers of both sexes wore long white dresses (Fig. Reed, Isaac N., E. H. Ruddock, and George P. Wood. 1 - Ballater W. Watson. Infants were dressed in long, back-fastening dresses featuring a low neckline and short sleeves, and a simple baby cap (Fig. 1800-1860: Lifestyles, Social Trends, Fashion, Sports & Recreation: Overview The Old West. 12). 5), was usually paired with light colored flannel trousers for such occasions (Shrimpton 40). 7) (Cunnington 320B-321; Tortora 391). Throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, Americans were among the most optimistic people on earth. Fashion historian Aileen Ribeiro summarized these shifts, writing: For most of the eighteenth century there was a sartorial harmony in the dress of men and women; they were united in their love of color, elegant design, and luxurious materials. These dresses were loose and often featured rows of tucks or smocking (Shrimpton 45). 1800. Everything from the hairstyles to the draping shawls evoked antiquity; the preeminence of white as a dress color was due, in part, to the incorrect assumption drawn from classical statuary that classical women only wore white. The dress coat was cut in at the waist, either straight across or in an inverted U-shape (Figs. Of course, the Old West wasn't just cowboys and vaqueros roaming the plains, but most other folk wore the typical clothing of the times (the times being the mid to late 1800s). Wilde was keenly aware of the importance of dress in conveying an idea, and he developed his own version of Aesthetic dress (Fig. 9 - Designer unknown (French). The introduction of the princess line narrowed girls dresses, as it did their mothers. Glass photonegative; (7 x 5 in). Dolman, 1885-1889. Pocket Museum. The 1880s saw a fad for Highland dress, an imitation of the Scottish kilt, among the higher classes (Shrimpton 48). Source: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fig. Beau Brummell, 1805. Purchased with funds provided by Suzanne A. Saperstein and Michael and Ellen Michelson. Finally, during the 1800s, trousers gained some acceptance as an informal choice. Source: Pinterest, Fig. Outerwear of the 1880s was particularly marked by the mantle or dolman, a garment featuring a wide sleeve cut with the body in one piece, and short basques in the back that exposed the bustle (Fig. 1805 The Battle of Trafalgar delivers a decisive victory to Great Britain in the Napoleonic Wars, and established British naval superiority for decades. For shooting and country activities, a Norfolk jacket, marked by its pleated back and belted waist, was the most common ensemble. 1 - Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748-1825). Oil on canvas; (57.9 x 40.2 in). In the early years, long trains were common on fashionable gowns, for both day and evening wear, but these began to gradually disappear around 1807 (Byrde 24; Foster 21, 29). London: National Portrait Gallery, NPG D1124. A more relaxed garment, the influence of Aesthetic and Rational Dress ideas on tea gowns is clear. To discover primary/period sources, explore the categories below. Harper holds a Masters degree in Fashion and History Studies: History, Theory and Museum Practice from the Fashion Institute of Technology. Princess Irene and Princess Alix of Hesse, March 1880. Girl's dress, back view, 1800-1810. Reticules became essential as the eras narrowly-cut skirts prevented the wearing of pockets beneath the dress (Byrde 25-29). Classical revivals appeared not only in fashion, but in architecture, the fine arts, and interior design (Davidson 30). Oil on canvas; 174 x 224 cm. 8 - Designer unknown (British). The undergarments contrived to support this look became increasingly complex. Both breeches and pantaloons were worn, both featuring fall-front openings (Waugh 116). 4, 6, 13) (C.W. Attendance at royal occasions throughout the courts of Europe remained events where ostentatious costume, much more akin to eighteenth-century dress, was required. Transferred from the Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio. Elevated as a style icon, he presaged the contemporary dominance of fashion and celebrity. (Cicolini). Deeply passionate about history and the arts, Harper is dedicated to bringing stories from the past to life. Chronologie de La Mode 1715-1914, n.d. It consisted of loose trousers buttoned onto a very short jacket, completed with a white shirt featuring an open collar (Fig. As mentioned above, breeches or pantaloons with tall boots was a favorite fashion of the era, and lent civilian dress a martial allure (le Bourhis 112; Ashelford 186). Nankeen. In toddlerhood, color could be introduced and dresses shortened to allow movement (Tortora 405). The second silhouette of the 1880s began developing around 1883 and disappeared in the 1890s. Fashion historian Philippe Sguy wrote that early 1800s dress "would have been at home in the days of Hadrian" (le Bourhis 73). Particularly fine examples could feature whitework and drawn-work embroidery (Rose 29). Art rests upon law. It was common for the skirt to be pleated (Fig. When a baby reached about six months old, the gowns shortened to calf-length to allow movement (Callahan). In 1885, the famous Irish poet and playwright Oscar Wilde wrote in his essay, The Philosophy of Dress: Fashion rests upon folly. Young Girls, 1880s. Court costumes, increasingly diverged from fashion, continued for decades (Marschner). They put large wire or wooden hoops beneath their dresses, which fluffed up the skirts. 2, 5). They featured stand collars and could be made of a variety of materials, solid or patterned; indeed, most of the color left in mens clothing retreated to the waistcoat (Fig. Muller, Florence, Farid Chenoune, and Phillippe Thibaut. Notably, the campaigns of Napoleon Bonaparte brought inspiration from all over the world. Johnston, Lucy, Marion Kite, Helen Persson, Richard Davis, and Leonie Davis. Gerald C. Streatfeild 1977. It symbolizes gravitas and an indifference to luxury-essential elements of republican austerity; its virtual uniformity emphasizes the revolutionary ideal of equality. (141). Outerwear was important for girls as the short-sleeves and low necklines of fashionable dress offered little protection. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009.300.2841. Other forms of outerwear included the pelisse (Fig. Printed cotton. Davidson wrote: Brummell epitomized a new standard of elegance and ideal of perfection in male dress without being a flamboyant dresser. The Journal Des Dames et Des Modes: Fashioning Women in the Arts, c. 18001815., Siegfried, Susan. London: The Tate, T02207. Fashion Plate: "Full dress and Morning Riding dress" for "Le Beau Monde", December 1801. These dresses, praised by many for their supposed health benefits, saw some favor in the 1880s, a trend that would continue into the 1890s (Mitchell 173). Often, a dolman had long mantlet ends hanging in the front (Cumming 67). 5 - Photographer unknown. 1). Oil on canvas; 240 x 148 cm. Edited by Valerie Steele, 103-105. . They protested corsetry in particular, and argued that womens dress prevented them from being full, productive members of society (Mitchell 77-83). 1880s women's fashion was defined by the rigidly structured bustle and an abundance of decoration. French dominance of women's fashion was absolute during the 19th century. Arthur, Duke of Connaught, August 1887. Suits for Boys and Teenagers, 1889. Edited by Valerie Steele, 199-204. This innovation led to the rise of the garment industry sweatshop. Purchased with funds provided by Suzanne A. Saperstein and Michael and Ellen Michelson, with additional funding from the Costume Council, the Edgerton Foundation, Gail and Gerald Oppenheimer, Maureen H. Shapiro, Grace Tsao, and Lenore and Richard Wayne. Also see the 19th-century overview page for more research sources or browse our Zotero library. Evening hat, ca. Outerwear and accessories were essential elements of the period, often introducing pops of color (Ashelford 178). During the day, the low neckline could be filled in with a chemisette or tucker (Foster 22). Hand-colored stipple engraving; 22.2 x 13.5 cm. De Young, Justine. Bequeathed by Gen. Sir Montagu McMurdo 1895. Given by the Royal Scottish Academy 1910. Victorian Era: Second Bustle Period and Aesthetic Dress (1883-1890), n.d. Burnham, Helen. Nevertheless, some influence can be seen. The new classical style, imitating the clothing of ancient democracies, seemed to be evidence of a political philosophy on the rise (Tortora 313-314; Byrde 23). 5). Kyoto: Kyoto Costume Institute, AC10343 2000-26-2AC. Printed cotton. Cunnington 26). White cotton was the usual material as it allowed for easy laundering. 5), were borrowed from the German Hessian soldiers, and a different, more practical style was named for British military hero, the Duke of Wellington (Davidson 232). 270. Pope Family Trust Private Collection. Jackets were increasingly worn and cut to fit over the bustle style of any particular year (Tortora 392). Nonetheless, his ideas about fashion and dress had an outsized presence in any discussion of dress during the 1880s.
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