Collectivism means that the needs of an individual are not emphasized as compared to those of the society and not until recently, most rights of Chinese citizens were not realized. Chinas GDP is forecast to grow 7% to 8% this year. Americans Dont Know How Capitalist China Is, A version of this article appeared in the. The Vietnamese premier is very powerful. Reforming Sino-American Cultural Exchange for the Better. The past decade has, if anything, strengthened Chinese leaders view that economic reform is possible without liberalizing politics. Although many in the West may believe that China sees only opportunity in its 21st-century global plans, its motivation is very different. While hierarchy and equality may appear to the post-Enlightenment West to be antithetical concepts, in China they remain inherently complementary. Western systems are . Wherever PAG operates, we adhere to the same environmental, social, and governance policies. A. She was a Red Guard as a teenager, screaming adoration for Chairman Mao while her parents were being re-educated for being educated. If a business is successful, its usually open to taking outside capital so that it can quickly expand nationwide. In fact, the Chinese word for the resolution of a conflict (jiejue) can imply a result in which one side overcomes the other, rather than one in which both sides are content. The differences between people of different cultures far outweigh their similaritiesI believe that differences in people of different cultures far outweigh their similarities.. This package reveals much that may surprise them. How can outside investors ensure that they dont become collateral damage in a bigger political and economic war? The Stages of Strategic Crime Analysis Report. According to Hill (2017) "from time to time a nation will adopt a system that will merge collectivism and individualism alongside democracy". Furthermore, it is important for nations to be flexible when it comes to global market system and change laws when necessary in order to attract investment and grow the economy like China did. The Chinese government is, however, much easier to decipher since it is a communist one-party state that is also led by elites even though it goes against the very grain of communism. But the technology war also hurts U.S. suppliers. For the Chinese, the key to those outcomes is respect for an appropriate hierarchy, itself a means of control. Additionally, in such a system, services and products are distributed and offered by the individuals working privately and independently with limited regulation from the government. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. Its GDP dropped 6.8% in the first quarter of 2020, but resumed growth from the second quarter onward. Nations without better access to such facilities depend on their agriculture and natural resources to enhance economic growth. Thats not likely, precisely because in Chinas particular brand of authoritarianism, control is key. Many people have wrongly assumed that political freedom would follow new economic freedoms in China and that its economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as in the West. The economy has grown 36-fold over the past three decades, chiefly because of market-oriented reforms that have created a vibrant private sector, which now accounts for about two-thirds of Chinas GDP. Provide your email for sample delivery, You agree to receive our emails and consent to our Terms & Conditions. China has been shifting away from an investment-driven growth model to one led by private consumption. And when Xi announced, in 2017, that the three critical battles for Chinas development would fall in the areas of reducing financial risk, addressing pollution, and alleviating poverty, he also made it clear that the objective of these reforms was to solidify the system rather than to change it. In the legislative branch of the government, the members of the Congress are elected through municipal and regional congresses, which can only have members of the Chinese Communist party which are responsible for the creation of policies and laws that affect the livelihood of the citizens of China which the judicial branch oversees and upholds. Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from International and Non-International Armed Conflict, Comparison Between Democracy Vs. The complete Spotlight package is available in a single reprint. Beijing ICP prepared NO.16065310-3, China vs. America: Political diversity vs. political conformity. With its democratic society, the U.S. is unable to prevent financial capitalism from swelling, or to take dramatic action against vested interests to formulate a model under which finance and industry mutually optimize and complement one another. Even though the laws of the United States provide every individual regardless of creed and color to vote, there have been instances of voter suppression reported, especially in relation to minorities, and this oppression has been systemic and has existed throughout the history of the US. This suggests that something distinctive to mainland China influences this behavior: long-term unpredictability thats sufficiently recent to have been experienced by or passed on to those now buying stocks. All the work should be used in accordance with the appropriate policies and applicable laws. Consequently, inequality is greater in China than in the United States, measured by the Gini coefficient. By 2020 she was intent on seeing her seven-year-old grandson and infant granddaughter (a second child had only recently become legal) do well. Is it that Chinas development doesnt conform with the values of freedom and democracy, or that Chinas growing strength is a threat to U.S. hegemony? This observation makes one wonder whether the Democrats are exploiting well-intended pro-diversity causes at home as part of a power struggle against Republicans. China now has better highways, rail systems, bridges, and airports than the United States does. And believing that Chinas economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as those in the West, many failed to envisage the Chinese states continuing role as investor, regulator, and intellectual property owner. In terms of political system, China is unique to all other countries in the world since up to date it is still run by a Communist party (Nolan, 2012). Until Western companies and politicians accept this reality, they will continue to get China wrong. As Western attention focused on the deepening ties between China and Russia and the potential transfer of Chinese military aid to Moscow, Belarusian ruler Alyaksandr Lukashenka embarked on a three . Meanwhile, American consumers have paid for the higher tariffs, because the average prices of Chinese exports havent decreased. The main difference between Chinese and US politics is the political ideologies, and one is founded on a democratic yet capitalist system while the other has been led through decades on a Communist and one-party system. Does the U.S. even have the power to hurt China economically? 10. Business in the United States moves at a different pace from China. Many people have wrongly assumed that political freedom would follow new economic freedoms in China and that its economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as in the West. Bidens proposals have been criticized as new wine in old bottles, and a kind of tinkering; Trump is regarded by Henry Kissinger as marking the end of an old era. Despite the new Democratic government's support of domestic diversity, it continues hostile Trump-era policies intended to pressure China, Russia and others into conforming with the U.S.'s political demands. In conclusion, it is not possible to have a unanimous decision on which political and economic practice is best for the entire universe. China and the United States are one of the strongest economies in the world, and both nations are considered superpowers and have contributed significantly to global politics and culture. Accept that economic development in China will not inevitably lead to democracy; acknowledge that the Chinese regard their government as both legitimate and effective; and recognize that while Chinese consumers have short-term horizons, their rulers are focused on the countrys long-term security. China is also often at pains to suggest to foreign governments or investors that it is similar to the West in many aspectsconsumer lifestyles, leisure travel, and a high demand for tertiary education. The US is a developed country, its national infrastructure has essentially been completed; China is a developing country and is undergoing large-scale infrastructure construction. Regardless of who wins, it is unlikely that one of the . For companies that want to venture into international businesses, it is important to investigate the legal system of that country and how it can affect their day to day business in that nation. Earn badges to share on LinkedIn and your resume. In fact, many Chinese believe that the countrys recent economic achievementslarge-scale poverty reduction, huge infrastructure investment, and development as a world-class tech innovatorhave come about because of, not despite, Chinas authoritarian form of government. You cant become a senior leader in China without having proved your worth as a manager. It often compares itself to brands with which Westerners are familiar. Ambition like that cant be realized without state interventionrelatively fast and easy but often brutal in China. China, however, has been able to sustain and grow its economy as much as it practices a command economy. The primary contrast between China and the U.S. is that the former supports political diversity while the latter aggressively imposes its envisioned political conformity upon all others. China, if it doesnt respond to U.S. nationalist challenges, will face soaring nationalist pressures at home. The United States takes in with high respect the principles of democracy and individualism. Additionally, the continued flourishing of various technological advancements has allowed nations to grow by accessing the information from other nations and comparing it with what they have and consequently making changes where necessary. China and the global economy. This kind of an economy is unattractive and completely represent the aspects of totalitarianism and collectivism. The Trump administration, however, has focused on U.S. economic interests, putting the pursuit of hegemonistic benefits in a secondary position. Would you like to get this essay by email? By comparison, progress on these issues is for Western economies extremely slow. Also, while its relatively easy to shift the sourcing of a low-value-added product from China to Vietnam or Mexico, how can you move an entire supply chain with many indigenous players? It is important to understand the background of the. Chinas rulers, therefore, see foreign engagement as a source less of opportunity than of threat, uncertainty, and even humiliation. This is a natural outcome of the decline in U.S. strength. The economic nationalism of the U.S. since Donald Trump assumed office is related to the hegemony promoted by the Obama administration and the current leading presidential candidate of the Democratic Party, Joe Biden. What's most ironic about this observation is that domestic American politics are nowadays focusing on the merits of diversity, yet its foreign policy is exclusively predicated on conformity. Chinas high-speed rail could cover the distance between Boston and Chicago in about four hours, whereas Amtraks fastest service takes 22 hours. Our own experiences on the ground in China confirm this. Chinas rapid economic growth is the result of its embrace of a market economy and private enterprise. Even though China is diverse in its ethnic groups, it is still a relatively high homogenous group, which is also reflected in its politics. In China, the legal system "is based on civil laws" (Nolan, 2012). We have both sat in meetings where business executives, particularly in the technology and pharmaceutical sectors, expressed surprise at Chinas insistence that they transfer ownership of their IP to a Chinese company. Either way you slice it, the economies are the two strongest . Second, the economic structure is different. Most ordinary people we meet dont feel that the authoritarian state is solely oppressive, although it can be that; for them it also provides opportunity. What has caused the frequent conflicts between the two countries? When the United States formed its constitution, it specifically dictated the unalienable rights of every person. The economic nationalism model that ultimately serves U.S. economic interests. The task, in both China and the West, is to reduce the gap between the ideal of basic human rights and the reality. Many Chinese believe that the countrys recent economic achievements have actually come about because of, not despite, Chinas authoritarian form of government. Worse, the U.S. has displayed an institutional helplessness in the face of such fundamental problems. Its just not liberal reform. Jimmy Dore delivered a monologue on the history of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and how a "tiny cabal" are using the situation for profit on Friday's broadcast of 'Tucker Carlson Tonight' on FOX News. Such ideas may appear very different from the outward-facing, Confucian concepts of benevolence and harmony that China presents to its international, English-speaking audience. Beijing expats want the "real China" They prefer Chinese language, history, and culture and avoid Western civilization. Springer. A Chinese professor who has lived in both the US and China believes there is a core cultural difference leading to the country's diverging paths. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. . The space for the two sides to compromise and collaborate has narrowed extremely rapidly. (b) The national average SP of CO2 is 266.8 US dollars per ton, which is much higher than the carbon price in the emission trading system. What are the biggest risks for Chinas economy in the coming years? No personal data is being tracked. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi made an excellent remark about political systems across the world while speaking with the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations last week. Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER! In the China-U.S. ideological competition during the pandemic, what the U.S. seeks is not all about U.S. leadership in the international community nor U.S. economic benefits but rather coping with its identity crisis. That means that despite the trade war, the technology war, and the capital warthe U.S. governments restricting American investment in ChinaChinas GDP will most likely be 10% bigger in 2022 than it was in 2019, whereas the U.S. economy probably will only recover to 2019 levels by 2022, according to the International Monetary Fund. Now CEO of the Hong Kongbased $40 billion private-equity firm PAG, Shan spoke with HBR Editor in Chief Adi Ignatius about the economic prospects for China and the United States. But even those concepts lead to considerable misunderstanding on the part of Westerners, who often reduce Confucianism to cloying ideas about peace and cooperation. Political credibility and economic development. The legal system of a country plays a key role in terms of its marketing and investment opportunities. Had she been born in 1955 in almost any other major economy in the world, her life would have been much, much more predictable. (More than 33 million people were jobless and waiting for relief as of late April.) For individuals, whove lived through harsh times they could not control, the reaction is to make some key choices in a much more short-term way than Westerners do. There are several major differences: China's system is based on the governance of one political party only (China has 8 other parties that serve in a consultative role). Even though both countries are different in every way, they are still recognized as each others competition in the International Arena. Some of these challenges are brought about by differences in legal, political and economic systems of different countries. Lets be honest: A rising China may be a threat to Americas economic and technological supremacy, but not to its national security, because China doesnt export its ideology or political system and doesnt seek regime change anywhere in the world. (2022, May 17). Navigating your companys future in China, Americans Dont Know How Capitalist China Is, Economics and Democracy Are Two Sides of the Same Coin, Authoritarian Political Systems Cant Be Legitimate, The Chinese Live, Work, and Invest Like Westerners, A version of this article appeared in the. The highest court in China is the Supreme Peoples Court, which includes the Chief Justice and over 340 other judges, including 13 that are considered grand justices. For liberals (in China and elsewhere), this is an appalling prospect; but for many ordinary people in China, its a perfectly reasonable part of the social contract between the individual and the state. But in China the consumer applications have come faster, making more obvious the link between government investment and products and services that benefit individuals. In our experience, many Westerners dont understand what that means or why it matters. : Statist Legacies and Market Reforms, 1980-90: Statist Legacies and Market Reforms, 1980-90. Mandarin. Thus July 2020 polling data from the Ash Center at Harvards Kennedy School of Government revealed 95% satisfaction with the Beijing government among Chinese citizens. Since China is a communist and one-party state, citizen engagement is lower in comparison to democratic states. Citizen engagement is integral to the success of every country, whether it be regarding the social welfare or economics of the country, and since both these countries play such a huge role in the International Arena, the comparison of their citizen engagement will be analyzed in this paper. Is a China-U.S. decoupling a real possibility? Great challenges lie ahead. In the years since, China has become an economic titan, a global leader in technology innovation, and a military superpower, all while tightening its authoritarian system of governmentand reinforcing a belief that the liberal narrative does not apply to China. What is it that Americans dont understand about China? Familiarity with Leninist doctrine is still important for getting ahead. At every point since 1949 the Chinese Communist Party has been central to the institutions, society, and daily experiences that shape the Chinese people. As to the orientation of a new era, however, the Trump administration has yet to offer any answers or insights. Sorry, but it's not possible to copy the text due to security reasons. ), Copyright 2020 CGTN. A Leninist approach to selecting future leaders is also a way the CCP has maintained its legitimacy, because to many ordinary Chinese, this approach produces relatively competent leaders: They are chosen by the CCP and progress through the system by successfully running first a town and then a province; only after that do they serve on the Politburo. China and the United States significantly differ in terms of the economic, legal and political system but this does not stop them from being the top two nation with the biggest economy worldwide. Land use is the most direct manifestation of human activities, accompanied by changes in land cover. China is a great example of a country undergoing a transition as not many years ago it used to practice socialism but now it has transitioned to a dynamic market making it have a second largest economy in the entire world overtaking many great nations. Federal and state governments wrangled and blamed each other over the pandemic response, exposing public discontent with the efficacy and legitimacy of the government, as well as the internal strife in society. They dont know how socialist it is, with its Social Security system and its policies to tax the rich by collecting capital gains taxes. A median of 41% across the 14 EU member nations surveyed name China, compared with a median of 39% who say the same about the United States. A decade ago its retail-goods market was about $1.8 trillionless than half that of the United States. While Bidens policy proposals reflect fading U.S. hegemonistic attitudes, Trump is showing Americans the status quo of U.S. power. For example, a 2015 survey found that 81% of them trade at least once a month, even though frequent trading is invariably a way to destroy rather than create long-term fund value. Canadian jurisdiction is the opposite; if it's not left to the Provinces, it's most likely the responsibility of the federal government. Losing the China market will be costly for American tech companies and deprive them of funds for further R&D. A candid observer of Asian society and business, Shan is the author of Out of the Gobi: My Story of China and America and the newly published Money Games: The Inside Story of How American Dealmakers Saved Koreas Most Iconic Bank. The differences in political beliefs led to the formation of a two-party system in the United States, contrary to George Washington's wishes. Solinger, D. J. China, meanwhile, doesn't apply any such double standards. The country itself remains so diverse that some minority groups even have their own autonomous administrative divisions which include regions, prefectures and counties. Each branch of the government plays an important role in providing for the countrys citizens by creating laws and policies that are meant to make the living standards of the citizens better and provide them with safety and rights. It continues apace. Some manufacturing has been relocated away from China since the trade war with the U.S. began in 2018, but that hasnt made a dent in either Chinas exports or Americas trade deficit. Although there are key historical and political differences between China's relationship to Taiwan and Russia's relationship to Ukraine, there are parallels, too, especially in the present . At home as part of a market economy and private enterprise therefore, foreign! The principles of Democracy and individualism worth as a source less of opportunity than of threat uncertainty... Is showing Americans the status quo of U.S. power the two sides to and! 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