In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. "I said something to the escort and he just stayed silent, sitting, leafing through his magazine. Kim Philby attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where, in the early 1930s, with Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean and others, he espoused communism. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. However, his son told The Telegraph that his fathers contribution to the physical demise of Western intelligence operatives is overstated: there is no information that anyone died as a result of Kim Philbys treachery, he said. Philby was also responsible for liaising with the CIA and promoting "more aggressive Anglo-American intelligence operations". [5], Elena Modrzhinskaya at GUGB headquarters in Moscow assessed all material from the Cambridge Five. She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". [49] Philby had undertaken to devise an escape plan which would warn Maclean, in England, of the intense suspicion he was under and arrange for him to flee. Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. Angleton remained suspicious of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington. Golitsyn offered the CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services. His mother resented Burgess and his close relationship with her husband, and began staging accidents to claim attention; she reported being mugged in her car; on another occasion she set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as ''a real-life James Bond''. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. But it wasnt true. P&P free on orders over 15. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. I think that he was of Czech origin; about 5ft 7in, stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair. I questioned her about it but she would give me no details. [35] In early 1944, as it became clear that the Soviet Union was likely to once more prove a significant adversary to Britain, SIS re-activated Section Nine, which dealt with anti-communist efforts. But he also did it to impress her. [92] Melinda left Maclean and briefly lived with Philby in Moscow. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived until his death in 1988. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. He got drunk and roamed Kuybyshev looking for action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a brawl. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. [33] Thanks to British counter-intelligence efforts, of which Philby's Iberian subsection formed a significant part, the project (Abwehr code-name Bodden) never came to fruition. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. His public position was that of First Secretary at the British Consulate; in reality, his intelligence work required overseeing British agents and working with the Turkish security services.[42]. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. LONDON Kim Philby, called the "spy of the century" because of his work for the Soviet Union while a senior officer in British intelligence, died Wednesday in Moscow, the Foreign Office said. When they had not returned on the Sunday night, her mother was frantic. He was tall and fair; she was slight with curly, dark hair. Elliott confronted him, saying, "I once looked up to you, Kim. He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British Embassy in Washington. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. She would be his silent witness for all the difficult years ahead. (LogOut/ In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. The situation in Washington was tense. Harold Adrian Russell Philby, ; 1 1912, , 11 1988, ) . He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). Once hed gone, she rode out the public furore, the door-stepping journalists, the MI5 questioning, the abuse and insinuations, the bullying of her sons at school. In February 1947, Philby was appointed head of British intelligence for Turkey, and posted to Istanbul with his second wife, Aileen, and their family. She emphasised the strength and goodness of their fathers moral and political beliefs as a committed communist who wanted peaceful co-existence between East and West. Wife of George Glen Carnegie Milne. The man described himself as Otto. Alamy. In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. Birthdate: circa 1922. He hated London, adored Paris, and spoke of it with deeply loving affection. Following Aileen Philby's death in 1957 and Eleanor's subsequent divorce from Brewer, Philby and Eleanor were married in London in 1959 and set up house together in Beirut. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. [86][pageneeded]. Some could never quite come to terms that he was a traitor. PHILBY GB165-0229 Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, Oxford. And he kept his word to the end." Philby was thus able to evade blame and detection. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. Later, realising that he lacked the talent to be a professional painter, Philby worked briefly as a freelance newspaper photographer before taking up joinery. Certain aspects of Soviet life did indeed disappoint Philby, with his wife claiming he was "particularly irritated by Brezhnev". (LogOut/ While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. We retrace the steps of the vast desert's earliest western adventurers and uncover tales of rivalry, stealth and concern for the future of the Bedouin. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. In a way hes always just been my father. They met each other socially but soon fell out. In September 1949, the Philbys arrived in the United States. Philby, who married three times, is survived by a daughter, the journalist Charlotte Philby. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. But though his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. Speaking on the anniversary of his late fathers defection, he described him as a very kind man and a very good father, who had his belief [in] communism [and] carried it out. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. His arrest led to others, Harry Gold, a courier with whom Fuchs had worked, David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. Required to take new names and identities, Maclean chose to be Mark Petrovich Frazer (after the Cambridge anthropologist Sir James Frazer of Golden Bough fame, a 12-volume study of mythology and religion). That he could carry on a secret life without her being aware, while at the same time working his way up the ranks of the British Foreign Office, seemed perfectly possible. 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