b) a line that represents continuous points of equal elevation a.Why is the sample in Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, and why are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted sediments? Permeability takes this pore space and connects the voids together so that water can pass through. c) movement of iron and electrical currents within Earth's outer core b) debris flow b) Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska Reveal answer Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments ( Table 1 ). d) deep trenches, A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n): 1. stop input and let nature remove it - easy but slow -the amount of rainfall saturated zone- pore spaces, empty spaces contain water b) ice and snow that exist throughout the entire year c) the sediment becomes more poorly sorted d) heating occurs in deserts of the American Southwest during summer time b) climate and vegetation a) the Colorado river a) millions of layers of light-and-dark colored sediment that record yearly cycles d) water is pulled by gravity of the moon For a rock to be permeable and for water to move through it, the pore spaces between the grains in the rock must be connected. c) drinking water b) 100 meters b) quartz does not weather and so it keeps the granite from weathering cause groundwater to flow in curved upward path to streams and lakes, a well that brings pressurized water to the surface without pumping d) all of the above d) a and b only a) the amount of precipitation on land Start this free course now. must be below groundwater table a) bouncing sound waves from a ship off the bottom 1. the number of conduits or pathways between pore spaces, layer that separates a water resource (aquifer) in the earth so that the water can't get through it, groundwater that is accessible as a water resource, A material of low porosity and permeability that greatly slows the movement of ground water, A body of rock that will not transmit water at all, The boundary (top) of the saturated zone of groundwater and the unsaturated zone, top of the groundwater system In the case of groundwater, that material is the ground. c) hardness A. Troposphere, decreases, increases B. a) bouncing sand grains along the surface Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments (Table 1). c) dark porous lava flows Table 2 provides an example of the ranges of values of total porosity and effective porosity for a variety of materials. defined at body of water at that location Figure 14 illustrates how porosity varies with the degree of sorting and with the grain shape in unconsolidated sediments (sediments that have not been compacted or cemented). In the zone of weather called the ____________, pressure always _________ with increasing altitude and temperature usually _________ with increasing altitude. e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, which of the following slope failures is least likely to cause casualties? c. Cl2\mathrm{Cl}_2Cl2 will have a higher boiling point than Ar\mathrm{Ar}Ar. A soil moisture content of 150 mm/m. 1999-2023. Water contained under the ground's surface, located in the spaces between soil particles and in the cracks of sand, gravel, and rock; a natural resource and source of water for drinking, irrigation, recreation, and industry. c) Delaware, Maryland d) piece of wood b) the lava forms a ropy texture -the permeability of the aquifer Saint Helens d) ionic bond, The most important class of rock-forming minerals on Earth is: a) internal processes within the moon In most cases, total porosity values reported for uncemented granular material and rocks with well-connected pores (e.g., sandstones) and fractures can be used to represent effective porosity. Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. Porosity is the amount of pore space that is between particles in soil or rocks. 3. may lead to contaminations form pollutants, Occurs if water is drawn out of aquifer and replaced with air. a) Asia rifted apart form Europe e) all of these, In identifying different minerals what don't geologists use? characteristics found in all good aquifers. c) lava flows If there was no pore space in the 10 cm3 sample the final volume of water would be 110 ml. d) a fault on land has a large displacement d) a sharp contrast between two rock types Here is a sample run of the program: Which of the following statements is(are)* true*? An aquifer is a large body of permeable material where groundwater is present and fills all pore space. a) deforming objects into new shapes c) Mt. c) a longshore current c) how close the river is to the ocean Gravity and pressure move water downward and sideways underground through spaces between rocks. a) S waves a) mid ocean ridge what is the relationship between the shape of the water table and the topography of the land surface ? Drag the art in the correct order, arranged from the youngest (most recent) at the top (number 1)to the, Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking", of oil and gas deposits is affecting water quality? c) erosion occurs equally on two sides of a bend So, for a given specific discharge, a low porosity gives a much higher speed of flow; this is because the same amount of flow has to go through a much smaller porous area. Aquifers Layers which hold usable amounts of water are called aquifers. b) recycled waste water c) the rock cycle d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, which of the following is not a type of evidence left behind by glaciers? b. HF\mathrm{HF}HF will have a lower vapor pressure at 50C-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}50C than HBr\mathrm{HBr}HBr. Permeability is a physical property of. It originates as rainfall or snow, and then moves through the soil into the groundwater system, where it eventually makes its way back to surface streams, lakes, or oceans. 4. bringing contamination into previously uncontained wells, well ( from below the water table) c) they can be preserved in ancient tree sap d) gray granite 36. After dissolution, porosity was greater than before dissolution, increasing by 0.140%, 0.038%, 0.042%, and 0.126%, respectively . a) to dissolve half of the atoms in the lattice The total volume of sample is determined by the initial increase volume read from the beaker markings immediately upon placing the sample in the water, Once the sample is fully saturated, the reduction in the volume of water is used to infer the volume of void space. 3.6 Specific Yield and Specific Retention, 3.7 Interrelationship of Effective Porosity, Specific Yield and Specific Retention, 4.6 Further Investigation of Darcys Law, Head, Gradient and Hydraulic Conductivity, 5.1 Conditions Effecting Hydraulic Conductivity Values, 5.2 Methods to Estimate Hydraulic Conductivity, 5.3 Hydraulic Conductivity Values for Earth Materials, 5.4 Spatial and Directional Variation of Hydraulic Conductivity, 5.5 Hydraulic Conductivity of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Materials, 5.6 Hydraulic Conductivity in Fractured Rocks, 6.4 Properties of Aquifers and Confining Units, 7.2 Governing Equations for Confined Transient Groundwater Flow, 7.3 Governing Equations for Unconfined Groundwater Flow, 7.4 Steady State Equations Describing Confined and Unconfined Flow, 8.2 Determining Groundwater Flow Directions, 8.3 The Influence of Boundary Conditions, 8.4 Analysis of Groundwater Flow Systems, Box 1 Density of Common Minerals, Rock Types and Soils, Box 3 Foundation for Understanding Hydraulic Head and Force Potentials, Box 4 Methods for Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity, Box 5 Equation Derivation for Equivalent K and a 4-layer Application, Box 6 Adding Recharge to the Unconfined Aquifer System, Box 7 Transformation for 2-D Flow in an Anisotropic Medium, Box 8 Deriving the Tangent Law of Refraction. d) solidification and uplift, Of Earth's four overlapping spheres, which of the following does not involve material above Earth's surface? a) an oil seep not as high (water more gentle -lower relief), relationship between the height of the stream and the height of the water table, the stream is the surface expression of the water table, what causes cone of depression to be larger, can cause a well to go dry . b) linear island chain b) covalent bond d) the presence of offshore islands and and bars e) both a and b, b) the atmosphere rotating faster at the equator than at the poles, surface ocean currents circulate in ocean basins: b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts a) spring water a) burial and tectonic forces b) a gradual decrease in the strength of the current over time b) most erosion along shorelines occurs from offshore currents Porosity is the percentage of void space in a rock. pore spaces in the unsaturated zone contain air with no water, there is an unsaturated zone below some rivers. D a. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts b. is constant from one type of material to another c. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts d. controls the amount of water that can be stored The permeability of a material refers to. d) it is converted into feldspar and weathers into clay, c) it ends up as sand in rivers, dunes, and beaches, which of the following is not a source of material for soil? Types of Wells 7. e) all the above, which of the following does not affect the potential hazards of a shoreline ? This determines how easy it is for water to flow from one pore to the next. D. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers. Groundwater moves very slowly through relatively impermeable materials such as clay and shale. d)Mesosoic, what is the height of the tallest tsunami in the open ocean? c) groundwater b) abyssal plain c) oceanic trenches d) rock slide . d) oversteepening of cliffs or hillslopes during road construction d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, which of the following environments would likely have clasts smaller than sand? a) sedimentary Free statement of participation on completion of these courses. b) the atmosphere rotating faster at the equator than at the poles b) the decay of creatures that float on the ocean surface and settle to the bottom c) volcanic glass d) conducting seismic surveys to investigate rock layers b) iron ore What is the nature of the water table? a) shallow seas that are relatively free of suspended sediment Shasta b.Which are more porous well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted sediments? The studied outcrop has a total thickness of about 60 m which was categorized into four microfacies i.e., bioclastic mudstone, bioclastic mud-wackestone, bioclastic . Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). d) aligned magnetic minerals within Earth's inner core, c) movement of iron and electrical currents within Earth's outer core, Which of the following is associated with mid-ocean ridges? d) flooding a) Convergent d) cleavage The volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume available to flowing groundwater, VI. a.The sample in Figure 14a has a fairly uniform grain size, so is geologically well-sorted, whereas samples in Figures 14b and c have a range of grain sizes. d) ice caps and glaciers unsaturated zone- (above the water table) pore spaces filled with air, It is the boundary between the saturated zone and unsaturated zone; Below the water table, water fills pore spaces and can flow; Infiltrating water generally passes through the water table to become groundwater. 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