Studies in International Air Law: Selected Works of Bin Cheng brings together for the first time the most influential of his many significant works. 0000008554 00000 n If any disagreement between two or more contracting States relating to the interpretation or application of this Agreement cannot be settled by negotiation, the provisions of Chapter XVIII of the above-mentioned Convention shall be applicable in the same manner as provided therein with reference to any disagreement relating to the interpretation or application of the above-mentioned Convention. 51 0 obj<>stream x+51232Q0 B3SS=K#039W3@%7 Pada prinsipnya dalam International Air Services Transit Agreement 1944 ini diatur bahwa masing -masing negara peserta memberikan kepada negara peserta lian berupa kebebasan udara yang berhubungan dengan penerbangan berjadwal, yaitu sebagai berikut: hak istimewa (privilege) untuk terbang lewat dinegara peserta yang satu ke negara peserta yang lain. Working on a variety of small to large projects spanning from transportation, residential, commercial, and industrial developments. <> The 1944 Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention' ) is the chief regulatory ' framework for international civil aviation, but also the most important primary source of public . 75 0 obj A contracting State which deems that action by another contracting State under this Agreement is causing injustice or hardship to it, may request the Council to examine the situation. hbm dhnljltlfs iy lts bhtlebhj hlrnrhdt fb`h`fm lb slkljhr lbtfrbhtlebhj sfrvlnfs? 0000000716 00000 n %PDF-1.5 % 0000001274 00000 n 387) adopted by the Chicago Conference of 1 November to 7 December 1944, art. <> <> IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, having been duly authorized, sign this Agreement on behalf of their respective governments on the dates appearing opposite their respective signatures. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. The Convention also contains provisions pertaining to taxation. Such requirement shall not involve any discrimination between airlines operating on the same route, shall take into account the capacity of the aircraft, and shall be exercised in such a manner as not to prejudice the normal operations of the international air services concerned or the rights and obligations of a contracting State. eithlb hby sunc fxnjuslvf prlvljf`f drek hby etcfr ^thtf. 77 0 obj Correlations are often used to estimate the mass . <>>> The International Air Transport Agreement 1944 bi admin. Knowledge of effective mass transport properties of textiles can be used to improve processes and applications where textiles are used. 0000001472 00000 n Sustainable Development, International Aviation, and Treaty Implementation explains why the CORSIA scheme adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization in 2016, should be . 0000006928 00000 n International Air Services Transit Agreement (Doc 7500) 1944 USD 50.00 Language Format Qty Add to Cart Notes for Digital Publications Description This document contains the consolidated text of the Chicago Convention, incorporating all amendments in force. International Air Transport Agreement, opened for signature Dec. 7, 1944, 59 Stat. See, e.g., EEOC v. Walmart Stores E., LP, 992 F.3d 656 (7th Cir. Feb 27, 2023, 08:00 ET. The Chicago Convention was signed in December 1944 and has governed international air services since then. 12 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 14 /H [ 716 166 ] /L 11998 /E 5898 /N 4 /T 11640 >> endobj xref 12 12 0000000016 00000 n Abstract. The selected essays, collected by editor Professor Cheng Chia-Jui, provide a comprehensive survey of international air law, authoritative and pioneering analyses of international air transport, the legal status of aircraft and crimes on board and . If any disagreement between two or more contracting States relating to the interpretation or application of this Agreement cannot be settled by negotiation, the provisions of Chapter XVIII of the above-mentioned Convention shall be applicable in the same manner as provided therein with reference to any disagreement relating to the interpretation or application of the above-mentioned Convention. 1 - 3 (1967-2000), Common Market for East and Sothern Africa (COMESA)(2), Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicag(154579), Vienna Convention on the Representation of States (146851), Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between S(118148), Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respe(104960), Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respe(94528), Vienna Convention on the Representation of States (05 Jul 2012), Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between S(05 Jul 2012), Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respe(04 Jul 2012), United Nations Millennium Declaration(04 Jul 2012). jhwdujjy if thafb hdtfr tcf neklb` lbte dernf ed tcls H`rffkfbt. . 0000003679 00000 n 0000000882 00000 n With respect to the privileges specified under paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 of this section, the undertaking of each contracting State relates only to through services on a route constituting a reasonably direct line out from and back to the homeland of the State whose nationality the aircraft possesses. /ID [<563BA0A3918D214DB5C755F699719DA3><39392D41342D35462D33392D42462D36>] <]>> <>stream international_air_transport_agreement_chicago1944c, 0% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save international_air_transport_agreement_chicago1944c For Later, LB]FYBH]LEBHJ HLY ]YHB^WEY] H@YFFKFB], ^L@BFM H], NCLNH@E, EB 0 MFNFKIFY, 8<== (]YHB^WEY] H@YFFKFB]), H`rffkfbt iflb` kfkifrs ed tcf Lbtfrbhtlebhj Nlvlj Hvlhtleb Er`hblzhtleb, dejjewlb` drffmeks ed tcf hlr lb rfspfnt ed sncfmujfm lbtfrbhtlebhj hlr, lb tcf tfrrltery ed tcf ^thtf wcesf bhtlebhjlty tcf hlrnrhdt pessfssfs1, tcf tfrrltery ed tcf ^thtf wcesf bhtlebhjlty tcf hlrnrhdt pessfssfs1, tcf tfrrltery ed hby etcfr nebtrhntlb` ^thtf hbm tcf prlvljf`f te put mewb, 6 ed tcls sfntleb, tcf ubmfrthalb` ed fhnc nebtrhntlb` ^thtf rfjhtfs ebjy te, tcreu`c sfrvlnfs eb h reutf nebstltutlb` h rfhsebhijy mlrfnt jlbf eut drek, hbm ihna te tcf cekfjhbm ed tcf ^thtf wcesf bhtlebhjlty tcf hlrnrhdt, hlrperts utljlzfm der kljlthry purpesfs te tcf fxnjusleb ed hby sncfmujfm, lbtfrbhtlebhj hlr sfrvlnfs. stream If thereafter a contracting State concerned shall in the opinion of the Council unreasonably fail to take suitable corrective action, the Council may recommend to the Assembly of the above-mentioned Organization that such contracting State be suspended from its rights and privileges under this Agreement until such action has been taken. The bilateral system has its basis under the Chicago Convention and associated multilateral treaties. [80 0 R 82 0 R] International Air Services Transit Agreement, signed in Chicago in 1944 and already implemented by 129 states, regulates the freedoms granted to the each contracting States in respect of air traffic and scheduled international air services. 0000001506 00000 n Signatures and Acceptances of Agreement. endobj 49 0 obj <> endobj Judges and Courts: Is there a Distinction? endobj %%EOF This has given the U.S. an "exorbitant privilege" in that it can essentially write an unlimited stream of hot checks to the world, because countries need dollars to be able to conduct international commerce. 0000002771 00000 n 1970 Hague Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft. Filed and recorded at the request of the United States of America on 30 March 1951. 1963 Tokyo Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed On-board Aircraft. nchr`fs lkpesfm der tcf usf ed hlrperts hbm etcfr dhnljltlfs schjj if suiofnt, te rfvlfw iy tcf Neubnlj ed tcf Lbtfrbhtlebhj Nlvlj Hvlhtleb Er`hblzhtleb, fsthijlscfm ubmfr tcf hievf-kfbtlebfm Nebvfbtleb, wclnc schjj rfpert hbm, khaf rfnekkfbmhtlebs tcfrfeb der tcf nebslmfrhtleb ed tcf ^thtf er ^thtfs, nfrtldlnhtf er pfrklt te hb hlr trhbspert fbtfrprlsf ed hbetcfr ^thtf lb hby, nhsf wcfrf lt ls bet shtlsdlfm tcht suisthbtlhj ewbfrsclp hbm fddfntlvf nebtrej, hrf vfstfm lb bhtlebhjs ed h nebtrhntlb` ^thtf, er lb nhsf ed dhljurf ed sunc hlr, trhbspert fbtfrprlsf te nekpjy wltc tcf jhws ed tcf ^thtf evfr wclnc lt. epfrhtfs, er te pfrderk lts eijl`htlebs ubmfr tcls H`rffkfbt. The Assembly by a two-thirds vote may so suspend such contracting State for such period of time as it may deem proper or until the Council shall find that corrective action has been taken by such State. >> 1Oh>Z #n-Mpf00m1 Five freedom rights were designed, but a multilateral agreement went only as far as the first two freedoms (the right to overfly and the right to make a technical stop). % %PDF-1.2 % In areas of active hostilities or of military occupation, and in time of war along the supply routes leading to such areas, the exercise of such privileges shall be subject to the approval of the competent military authorities. 79 0 obj The document was signed on December 7, 1944, in Chicago by 52 signatory states. CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION, SIGNED AT CHICAGO, ON 7 DECEMBER 1944 (CHICAGO CONVENTION) Preamble WHEREAS the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security; and 2 0 obj arise as the air transport liberalization process progresses, achieving results such as: Analyse economic aspects of international air transport regulation and its development such as exchange of traffic rights, bilateral and multilateral agreements, air carrier ownership and control, consumer protection, fair competition, and taxation. Mass transfer in knitted and woven fabrics strongly depends on the yarn used. If thereafter a contracting State concerned shall in the opinion of the Council unreasonably fail to take suitable corrective action, the Council may recommend to the Assembly of the above-mentioned Organization that such contracting State be suspended from its rights and privileges under this Agreement until such action has been taken. Should such consultation fail to resolve the difficulty, the Council may make appropriate findings and recommendations to the contracting States concerned. 0000008625 00000 n The Assembly by a two-thirds vote may so suspend such contracting State for such period of time as it may deem proper or until the Council shall find that corrective action has been taken by such State. A text drawn up in the English, French, and Spanish languages, each of which shall be of equal authenticity, shall be opened for signature at Washington, D.C. The field will--.be the principal transport terminal for Japan, re placing Atsugi . 0000000810 00000 n <> %PDF-1.4 This Agreement shall come into force as between contracting States upon its acceptance by each of them. They were prepared to concede the so-called "freedoms of the air", namely: (1) Freedom of innocent transit; (2) Freedom of technical stop; (3) Freedom to take traffic from the homeland out to other countries; (4) Lbtfrbhtlebhj Nlvlj Hvlhtleb, ietc mrhwb up ht Nclnh`e eb Mfnfkifr 0, ^thtf tcf prlvljf`f te step der bebtrhddln purpesfs khy rfqulrf sunc hlrjlbfs, te eddfr rfhsebhijf nekkfrnlhj sfrvlnf ht tcf pelbts ht wclnc sunc steps hrf, hlrjlbfs epfrhtlb` eb tcf shkf reutf, schjj thaf lbte hnneubt tcf nhphnlty ed, tcf hlrnrhdt, hbm schjj if fxfrnlsfm lb sunc h khbbfr hs bet te prfoumlnf tcf, berkhj epfrhtlebs ed tcf lbtfrbhtlebhj hlr sfrvlnfs nebnfrbfm er tcf rl`cts. Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Based on 12 documents Clarifying the distribution of powers Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism, Office of the U.S. Special Coordinator for Tibetan Issues, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Office of Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs. 387 (entered into force Jan. 30, 1945) (11 State parties as of January 2013) [hereinafter Five Freedoms Agreement] Each contracting State may, subject to the provisions of this Agreement. In 1937, an Inter-American Technical Aviation Conference decided on the creation of a Permanent American Aeronautical Commission (CAPA). The Government of the United States shall inform all signatory and accepting States of the date of all acceptances of the Agreement, and of the date on which it comes into force for each accepting State. Each contracting State may, subject to the provisions of this Agreement. xc```g````a` `6+205[&` ia kRbj`bX~Vf{F x " Should such consultation fail to resolve the difficulty, the Council may make appropriate findings and recommendations to the contracting States concerned. The Convention establishes rules of airspace, aircraft registration and safety, security, and sustainability, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel. An Act to provide for the establishment of a Railway Claims Tribunal for inquiring into and determining claims against a railway administration for loss, destruction, damage, deterioration or non-delivery of animals or goods entrusted to it to be carried by railway or for the refund of fares or freight or for compensation for death or injury to 2 Baths. The agreement established for the first time the principle of automatic right of transit and of emergency landing. 49 14 Air service agreements (ASA) are formal treaties between countries accompanying memoranda of understanding (MoU) and exchanges of formal diplomatic notes. An air transport agreement (also sometimes called an air service agreement or ATA or ASA) is a bilateral agreement to allow international commercial air transport services between signatories. dX4_N@@3qTsAS zB*^.PuQg>n{BL}=h;\Bk #,u?Sd. 0000005651 00000 n 3 Beds. 5a}66Kxbs_6#^\ufG8G?|[ Lb hrfhs ed hntlvf cestljltlfs er ed kljlthry, hrfhs, tcf fxfrnlsf ed sunc prlvljf`fs schjj if suiofnt te tcf hpprevhj ed tcf. 0000005673 00000 n xi|ddt! Features of this agreement became models for the thousands of such agreements that were to follow, although in recent decades some of the traditional clauses in such agreements have been modified (or "liberalized") in accordance with "open skies" policies adopted by some governments, notably the United States.[2]. endstream By December 31, 1945 forty-six nations had signed the two-freedoms document and it was in force with respect to 25 of them. In principle all ATAs should be registered by the International Civil Aviation Organization in DAGMAR,[3] the ICAO's Database of Aeronautical Agreements and Arrangements, but this source is not absolutely comprehensive. 0000000862 00000 n 0000020012 00000 n 0000001052 00000 n The agreement that governed scheduled air-transport services between the United States and the United Kingdom until it was replaced in 1977, was signed on February 11, 1946, and came to be known as the Bermuda Agreement. 2021). the convention also has a range of annexes covering issues such as aviation security, safety oversight, airworthiness, navigation, environmental protection and facilitation (expediting and departure at airports). endobj 1,944 Sq. 1944 International Air Services Transit Agreement. 0000002205 00000 n International Air Services Transit Agreement refers to a multilateral agreement drawn up in Chicago convention ie., the Convention on Civil Aviation, by the members of the of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). And, if any duties are given by these agreements to be performed by the organization, the organization is bound to perform such duties. Both texts shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America, and certified copies shall be transmitted by that Government to the governments of all the States which may sign or accept this Agreement. <>stream In areas of active hostilities or of military occupation, and in time of war along the supply routes leading to such areas, the exercise of such privileges shall be subject to the approval of the competent military authorities. DONE at Chicago the seventh day of December, 1944, in the English language. International Air Transport Agreement, 1944. :WV(+qr=~v#>ow[0. It is not mandatory to have an ASA in place for international services to operate, but the cases where services exist without treaty are rare. of international air transport agreements at Community level are Community carriers' '. gaining agreement, the lower courts have applied its "de minimis cost" dictum as a bright-line rule. Date of Accession/Succession/Ratification. This Agreement shall come into force as between contracting States upon its acceptance by each of them. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Bureaus and Offices Reporting Directly to the Secretary, Office of the Coordinator for Cyber Issues, Office of the U.S. International Air Transport Agreement, done at Chicago December 7, 1944 Depositary - Treaty Affairs Office of Treaty Affairs Entered into force February 8, 1945. tcf prevlslebs ed tcf Lbtfrlk H`rffkfbt eb Lbtfrbhtlebhj Nlvlj Hvlhtleb hbm, wcfb lt nekfs lbte dernf, wltc tcf prevlslebs ed tcf Nebvfbtleb eb. #8ijaa5+nluLY.$Jaj-!#c1/h,f*q3`r*w[8ID~ 'Io(MK!W^98B/rV"Ov7fy" G#T\ r3Z}vD`jIT,r( jM*/D 0000002368 00000 n 0000001306 00000 n =%~4?N5'm7Y>1v ;6u@uHO$-l>j/I A contracting State granting to the airlines of another contracting State the privilege to stop for non-traffic purposes may require such airlines to offer reasonable commercial service at the points at which such stops are made. INTERNATIONAL AIR SERVICES TRANSIT AGREEMENT, SIGNED AT CHICAGO, ON 7 DECEMBER 1944 (TRANSIT AGREEMENT) The States which sign and accept this International Air Services Transit Agreement, being members of the International Civil Aviation . 78 0 obj Election Disputes and the Judicial Process: Emerging Lessons, The Constitutional Domain of Elections: Signalling the Judicial Mandate, Election Petitions Vol. This Agreement shall come into force as between contracting States upon its acceptance by each of them. 0000000888 00000 n The agreement is the most prominent "Two Freedom Agreements", namely: 1, not to stop the right to fly over its territory (Flying over the territory); 2, non-transport operational stapling rights (technical landing free). Hby sunc hrrhb`fkfbt schjj if dertcwltc. The exercise of the foregoing privileges shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Interim Agreement on International Civil Aviation and, when it comes into force, with the provisions of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, both drawn up at Chicago on December 7, 1944. Payment Methods: Visa / MasterCard, American Express, Discover . This agreement shall remain in force as long as the above-mentioned Convention; provided, however, that any contracting State, a party to the present Agreement, may denounce it on one years notice given by it to the Government of the United States of America, which shall at once inform all other contracting States of such notice and withdrawal. Known then and today more commonly as the 'Chicago Convention', this landmark agreement laid the foundation for the standards and procedures for peaceful global air navigation. We explore the impact of electron-phonon coupling on carrier transport through the protected states of two widely known topological insulators with different bulk gaps, namely stanene and . 1944; CONVINCED that collective State action for further harmonization and codification of certain rules governing international carriage by air through a new Convention is the most adequate means . trailer << /Size 24 /Info 10 0 R /Root 13 0 R /Prev 11630 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 13 0 obj << /Pages 11 0 R /Type /Catalog /PageLayout /TwoColumnRight /ViewerPreferences << /HideWindowUI true >> >> endobj 22 0 obj << /S 50 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 23 0 R >> stream @7A@T"FLgEh 3Epf3qI(c);I8E)%BI>tLI%!NpV$8yHN)J9HE&fLF#Apm)"XdQeE$[L@C$RH$rxA>ZQ48G#A(*S*RTZ[`638v]`P)b*hFL0[Za Z)t2sAh&spn2yf3) :w{Dw`nMe9((;;r,K"$i(`kZP&BOx3C(61HDlH9;Cx:i?/L0#L7*|( 4Q(60x6 @zpjR{N9F$-3|BW: h+F#>a#$9(:Bm;O50)V endobj These agreements grant to the signatory powers certain privileges with . We study, using non-equilibrium Green's function simulations combined with first-principles density functional theory, the edge-state transport in two-dimensional topological insulators. The undersigned delegates to the International Civil Aviation Conference, convened in Chicago on November 1, 1944, have affixed their signatures to this Agreement with the understanding that the Government of the United States of America shall be informed at the earliest possible date by each of the governments on whose behalf the Agreement has been signed whether signature on its behalf shall constitute an acceptance of the Agreement by that government and an obligation binding upon it. The Government of the United States shall inform all signatory and accepting States of the date of all acceptances of the Agreement, and of the date on which it comes into force for each accepting State. <> "Convention" means the Convention on International Civil Aviation, opened for signature at Chicago on December 7, 1944, and includes : (a) any amendment that has entered into force under Article 94 (a) of the Convention and has beenratified by both Parties, and (b) any Annex or any amendment thereto adoptedunder Article 90 of the Convention, 0000000844 00000 n The Convention on International Civil Aviation, drafted in 1944 by 54 nations, was established to promote cooperation and "create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world." Known more commonly today as the 'Chicago Convention' this landmark agreement established the core principles permitting international transport by air, and led to the [] It established specific principles in order to develop international civil aviation in a safe and orderly manner. 0000000972 00000 n The bilateral agreements originated in 1944 when various stakeholders from the airline transport sector met in Chicago, United States of America and came up with the Chicago Convention, a framework under which the bilateral agreements are formed. 1 0 obj Homes similar to 9732 Teton Vista Dr are listed between $249K to $985K at an average of $195 per square foot. An official website of the United States Government, 03. International Air Transport Agreement, done at Chicago December 7, 1944, Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S. endobj Designate the route to be followed within its territory by any international air service and the airports which any such service may use; Impose or permit to be imposed on any such service just and reasonable charges for the use of such airports and other facilities; these charges shall not be higher than would be paid for the use of such airports and facilities by its national aircraft engaged in similar international services: provided that, upon representation by an interested contracting State, the charges imposed for the use of airports and other facilities shall be subject to review by the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization established under the above-mentioned Convention, which shall report and make recommendations thereon for the consideration of the State or States concerned. Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 20th of August please use the following link and you will find the details and all events of. The post-1945 IATA immediately had to handle worldwide responsibilities with a more systematic organization and a larger infrastructure. 0000003440 00000 n }_PL@%-g 83|w{oxK /#+ CZ?}P2ncp International Air Transport Agreement, done at Chicago December 7, 1944 - United States Department of State Skip to content An official website of the United States government Here's how you know Official websites use .gov A .govwebsite belongs to an official government organization in the United States. /Root 75 0 R Transit Agreement, commonly called the "Two Freedoms Agreement," and the International Air Transport Agreement, frequently referred to as the "Five Freedoms Agreement," drawn up at the International Civil Aviation Conference held in Chicago in the fall of 1944. % ! tcf hlrnrhdt ed etcfr nebtrhntlb` ^thtfs te thaf eb lb lts tfrrltery phssfb`frs, khlj hbm nhr`e nhrrlfm der rfkubfrhtleb er clrf hbm mfstlbfm der hbetcfr, hby hrrhb`fkfbts wclnc spfnldlnhjjy `rhbt hby sunc prlvljf`f eb hb, fxnjuslvf ihsls te hby etcfr ^thtf er hb hlrjlbf ed hby etcfr ^thtf, hbm bet te. Thereafter it shall become binding as to each other State indicating its acceptance to the Government of the United States on the date of the receipt of the acceptance by that Government. The other freedoms of the air are known as traffic rights, referring to passengers, mail, or cargo carried on a commercial service. The States which sign and accept this International Air Transport Agreement being members of the International Civil Aviation Organization declare as follows: Each contracting State grants to the other contracting States the following freedoms of the air in respect of scheduled international air services: The privilege to fly across its territory without landing; The privilege to land for non-traffic purposes; The privilege to put down passengers, mail and cargo taken on in the territory of the State whose nationality the aircraft possesses; The privilege to take on passengers, mail and cargo destined for the territory of the State whose nationality the aircraft possesses; The privilege to take on passengers, mail and cargo destined for the territory of any other contracting State and the privilege to put down passengers, mail and cargo coming from any such territory. A bright-line rule of effective mass Transport properties of textiles can be used improve! 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